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Health insurance is one of the biggest sectors of the insurance industry, with most insurance companies offering a number of alternate health policies for their customers to choose from. Unlike other forms of insurance, which are basically similar all around the world, health insurance can differ greatly depending on a number of key factors.
Different national governments around the world often have vastly different public health policies and funding systems, the nature of which have a massive effect on private health insurance for residents of each particular country. While private health contracts are available all around the world, the nature of the cover provided and the scope of this coverage varies greatly from country to country.

Health insurance works through a process of collective risk management, whereby an individual takes out a policy and pays a premium in order to transfer some of the financial risk in the case of accident or sickness. Many countries around the world have comprehensive and publicly funded healthcare programs which cover most people for the majority of their treatment, meaning that private health coverage is often not needed or desired. However, some nations such as the United States of America only have a limited public health system in place, which makes private health coverage for most of the population an absolute necessity. Even in countries that do have a public healthcare system that is intertwined with national law (Rechtsanwälte Leer) , many people still choose to take out a private health policy.

There are many reasons why people choose to take out an individual health insurance policy, such as extending the scope of coverage, reducing the need for treatment waiting time, and improving access to high quality medical professionals. Some treatments such as dental work and long term nursing will also not be available on the public system, making a private policy necessary for many people in the community. Australia, Canada, Great Britain, and most of western Europe have initiated comprehensive public healthcare systems during the last century, and many developing nations are also in the process of improving their national schemes. The United States, in contrast, is heavily dependent on private health insurance, which remains the chief source of health coverage for the majority of American citizens.